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YAOUNDE, Cameroon -- The world's oldest president, Cameroon's 92-year-old Paul Biya, has won election again, the country's top court said Monday. The victory came after days of protesters' clashes with security forces left at least four people dead as opposition supporters demanded credible results. Cameroon's electoral body declared the results for Biya in defiance of an opposition candidate who claimed victory two days after the Oct. 12 election, claiming widespread fraud in what he called a "predatory oligarchy." Biya will be inaugurated in the capital, Yaounde, on Nov. 6. The yield on the country's dollar bonds maturing in 2031 eased a sixth day by almost 5 basis points to 10.6% at 12:31 p.m. in London. "We are still sitting on the sidelines as this plays out," said Kevin Daly, portfolio manager at Abrdn Investments Ltd. "It seems a bit premature to make a call right now." The election was the most consequential in the Central African country in decades, analysts said. The results were the closest for Biya since 1992. Cameroon provides the starkest example on the continent of a country of young people ruled by leaders from a bygone era. The median age in 2024 was 18.9. Biya has made no known plan for succession. He came to power in 1982, before many Cameroonians were born. Biya has also spent long periods outside the country, making frequent trips to Switzerland with a large entourage and racking up hotel bills that one investigation estimated totaled around $65 million, adding to the resentment. Under the constitution, the president of the senate automatically becomes interim leader in the event of the president's death, and fresh elections must be organized within 120 days of the position falling vacant. Marcel Niat Njifenji, 91, who holds the top senate post, is also in poor health, according to multiple senate statements. But a political crisis could be on the horizon. Many young Cameroonians have refused to accept the results, and the fraud claims could fuel the kind of Generation Z mass protests erupting elsewhere on the continent over governments' failure to create economic opportunities for young people. Since Election Day, tensions have stretched across Cameroon. Security forces have been on high alert as widespread accusations of fraud prompted protests in Yaoundé and other cities. Nkongho Felix Agbor-Balla, a leading Cameroonian human rights lawyer, said that Biya could not have won without "massive fraud." "This election is more of a protest vote," he said. "People just wanted change, not just because of Biya's age, but also because nothing is working in the country." Seventeen of the continent's leaders are over 70. Biya has led the central African nation since 1982, ruling longer than most citizens have been alive. Over 70% of the population of almost 30 million is below 35. The Constitutional Council said Biya received 53.66% of votes while former ally Issa Tchiroma Bakary, 76, got 35.19%. The turnout was 57.7%. In a social media post after the announcement, Tchiroma asserted that security forces had shot at civilians, killing two in his hometown of Garoua. "Shooting point-blank at your own brothers -- I can't help but wonder if you're mercenaries," he posted. "Kill me if you want, but I will liberate this country by any means necessary. What blatant impunity." Tchiroma had claimed victory days ago, citing results he said were collated by his party. Biya's party members dismissed the claim. Biya in a statement on Monday said his "first thoughts are with all those who have unnecessarily lost their lives, as well with their families, as a result of the post-election violence." Biya's decision to seek another term angered youth and the opposition, which has accused him of having a hand in the disqualification of his strongest rival and using "state machinery" to manipulate the election. The four protesters were shot dead Sunday in Douala, the economic capital, as hundreds of people stormed streets in several cities. Videos online showed clashes with security forces, who fired tear gas and tried to disperse people barricading roads in Douala and other cities, including Garoua and Maroua in the north. Samuel Dieudonne Ivaha Diboua, governor of the Littoral Region that includes Douala, said several members of the security forces were injured by protesters, and at least 105 protesters were arrested. Dozens of opposition supporters, activists and leaders had been arrested in recent days, including several that Paul Atanga Nji, minister of territorial administration, asserted had been plotting violent attacks. "I am ready to stake my life to defend my vote. I voted for Tchiroma because I want change," said one protester, Oumarou Bouba, a 27-year-old trader in Maroua. Following the announcement of election results, Sani Aladji, a 28-year-old hotel worker in Maroua, said: "Nothing will change. I expected that Issa Tchiroma would bring change, which is why I voted for him. There's rampant corruption under Biya's regime. We are tired of that." But one Biya supporter, Flicia Feh, said she believes that he remains the man for the job. "Our president campaigned on hope," she said. "He started so many projects, like the Yaoundé-Douala motorway, and it's just normal that he is given more time to complete what he started." Cameroon's government said over 5,000 national and international election observers were accredited to monitor the election. A group of eight local civil society groups noted several irregularities including the presence of deceased voters on electoral lists, unequal distribution of ballot papers and attempts at ballot box-stuffing. The African Union mission said the vote was "conducted largely in accordance with regional, continental and international standards." Biya first came to power in 1982 following the resignation of Cameroon's first president and has ruled since then, later benefiting from a constitutional amendment that abolished term limits. His health has been a topic of speculation as he spends most of his time in Europe, leaving governance to key party officials and family members. While Cameroon is an oil-producing country with modest economic growth, young people say the benefits have not trickled down beyond the elites. According to World Bank data, the unemployment rate stands at 3.5%, but 57% of the labor force aged 18 to 35 works in informal employment. "Many young people across the country and in the diaspora had hoped for change, but their hopes have been dashed. It feels like a missed opportunity," said Emile Sunjo, a senior lecturer in international relations at the University of Buea. "Cameroon could potentially slide into anarchy." Critics also accuse Biya of leading Cameroon from a period of relative stability into one of conflict. The country in recent years has faced attacks by Boko Haram militants in the north and a secessionist insurgency in the English-speaking North West and South West regions. That crisis, triggered by government attempts to impose French in schools and courts, has killed nearly 7,000 people, displaced more than one million and sent thousands fleeing to neighboring Nigeria. Christopher Fomunyoh, regional director at the National Democratic Institute for International Affairs, said Cameroon's Constitutional Council "boxed themselves into a corner" and was left with no choice than to declare Biya the winner. All those who were involved should "brace themselves for the inevitable consequences and backlash," he said. Information for this article was contributed by Nalova Akua, Ngala Killian Chimtom and Emmanuel Tumanjong of The Associated Press, Ruth Maclean and Saikou Jammeh of The New York Times and Pius Lukong, Yinka Ibukun, Alister Bull and Moses Mozart Dzawu of Bloomberg News (TNS).
