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The UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA) has issued an urgent warning about an infection that "can become serious in a matter of hours". Thousands of Brits are struck down by meningitis , a severe condition in which the protective membranes (meninges) surrounding the brain and spinal cord become inflamed, each year. It has numerous causes, including various germs such as bacteria, viruses, and fungi. In Britain, most cases are caused by bacteria or viruses. Some bacteria responsible for meningitis can also trigger septicaemia (blood poisoning), with both conditions potentially leading to life-threatening sepsis . While meningitis can affect anyone, it's most common among babies, young children, teenagers, and young adults. Rapid treatment is essential, making it crucial to recognise the signs and symptoms, which can appear in any sequence and may not all appear. In a recent post on X, formerly Twitter , UKHSA warned: "Meningitis can become serious in a matter of hours. It's more common in young people, but it can affect anyone. Find out what to look out for and how to protect yourself in our latest blog post." Further UKHSA guidance explains that early symptoms of meningitis and septicaemia – such as vomiting, fever, aches, muscle pain, cold hands and feet, and headaches – can resemble common illnesses like colds or flu. However, someone with these symptoms, who has meningitis, will typically become seriously ill within hours, emphasising the importance of monitoring anyone who is unwell. Symptoms can manifest in any order, and some may not appear at all. It's also crucial to recognise the signs of septicaemia. Key symptoms to watch out for include: The symptoms and signs of meningitis and septicaemia in babies can include refusing feeds, vomiting, feeling drowsy and unresponsive, or being difficult to wake are all signs of concern. Being floppy and lacking energy, or being stiff with jerky movements, can also be warning signs. Irritability when picked up, a high-pitched moaning cry, grunting, rapid or unusual patterns of breathing, fever, cold hands and/or feet, pale, blotchy or blue skin, shivering, spots or a rash that does not fade under pressure are all symptoms to watch out for. Although the meningitis rash doesn't always appear and can vary greatly in appearance, it is one of the most recognisable signs of meningococcal meningitis and septicaemia. However, you should not wait for a rash to appear before seeking medical advice. The rash often starts with a few small, isolated spots and typically develops into a non-blanching rash (one that doesn't disappear when pressed). It's crucial to spot this early as a rapidly evolving rash indicates very severe disease. The rash can be harder to see on darker skin but may be visible on paler areas such as the soles of feet, palms of hands, abdomen, or inside the eyelid or roof of the mouth. Check the whole body, particularly where clothing creates pressure (underwear elastic, nappies, stockings). If you suspect that you or someone in your care might have meningitis, septicaemia or sepsis, immediately dial 999 or head to your nearest A&E. Trust your gut feeling and don't wait for all symptoms or a rash to appear. Individuals with meningitis, septicaemia or sepsis can deteriorate rapidly. If you're uncertain about the severity of the situation, ring NHS 111. If you've previously sought medical advice but are still concerned or if symptoms worsen, seek medical assistance again.
