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Pregnancy is a life-altering experience, full of excitement and emotion. However, it is also a period that requires constant vigilance for the health of both the mother and the unborn child. While most pregnancies progress normally, there are certain warning signs that, if ignored, could result in serious health complications. Early detection and timely medical intervention can make the difference between a safe outcome and a life-threatening situation. Dr Swatee Gaggare, Consultant, Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Manipal Hospital Baner, Pune, shares the key warning signs every expectant mother should be aware of. Unusual Bleeding or Spotting While light spotting in early pregnancy can sometimes be harmless, any heavy or prolonged bleeding should be assessed immediately by a doctor, as it could indicate a miscarriage. In later trimesters, heavy bleeding may signal placenta previa or placental abruption, both of which require urgent attention. “If bleeding occurs early in pregnancy, a doctor may recommend bed rest or medication,” says Dr. Gaggare. “However, if a more serious cause is diagnosed, emergency treatment, including a C-section may be necessary to protect the health of both mother and baby.” Severe Cramps or Abdominal Pain Mild discomfort is common as the body adjusts to pregnancy. However, severe or persistent pain should never be ignored. “Intense lower abdominal pain could be a sign of an ectopic pregnancy, where the embryo implants outside the uterus, usually in a fallopian tube,” explains Dr Gaggare. Ectopic pregnancy is a surgical emergency without prompt treatment, it can lead to internal bleeding and serious complications. “Minimally invasive laparoscopic surgery is often required to remove the non-viable pregnancy safely,” she adds. Dehydration or Persistent Vomiting While morning sickness is common, excessive vomiting known as hyperemesis gravidarum can cause dehydration, weight loss, and electrolyte imbalance. “In such cases, hospitalization may be required for intravenous fluids, anti-nausea medication, and nutritional support to stabilize both mother and baby,” says Dr Gaggare. Unexpected Swelling, Headaches, and Vision Changes “Sudden swelling of the hands, feet, or face especially when accompanied by headaches and blurred vision can be a sign of preeclampsia,” warns Dr Gaggare. Preeclampsia is a condition characterized by high blood pressure and potential damage to organs such as the liver and kidneys. If untreated, it can progress to eclampsia, which may cause seizures and endanger both the mother and the child. Early diagnosis and close monitoring are crucial. High Temperature or Severe Infection Fever or infection during pregnancy should never be overlooked. “Infections such as urinary tract infections (UTIs), chorioamnionitis, or even COVID-related complications can lead to preterm labor or affect fetal growth,” explains Dr Gaggare. Prompt antibiotic or antiviral treatment is essential, and in severe cases, surgical drainage or emergency delivery may be required to prevent sepsis. Preterm Labor Symptoms “Regular contractions, persistent lower back pain, pelvic pressure, or fluid leakage before 37 weeks can indicate preterm labor,” says Dr Gaggare. Recognizing these signs early allows doctors to intervene with corticosteroid therapy to aid fetal lung maturity and prepare for possible early delivery and neonatal care. Reduced Fetal Movement A noticeable decrease in fetal movement can be a sign of fetal distress, often related to oxygen deprivation or placental insufficiency. “If you feel your baby moving less than usual, it’s crucial to contact your doctor right away,” advises Dr Gaggare. To assess the baby’s well-being, tests such as a biophysical profile, ultrasound Doppler study, or non-stress test (NST) may be conducted. “If the baby is found to be in distress, induction of labor or an emergency cesarean delivery may be required to prevent stillbirth,” she adds. Palpitations, Chest Discomfort, or Shortness of Breath Mild breathlessness is common in late pregnancy due to increased physical demands. However, sudden or severe shortness of breath, palpitations, or chest pain could indicate serious cardiovascular issues or a pulmonary embolism (a blood clot in the lungs). “These symptoms require urgent evaluation, imaging, and possibly anticoagulant therapy or cardiac intervention,” explains Dr Gaggare. Modern obstetric care offers advanced diagnostic tools and life-saving interventions from laparoscopic treatment for ectopic pregnancy to emergency obstetric surgery ensuring the best possible outcomes for both mother and baby. “The most important step is awareness,” emphasizes Dr Gaggare. “Never ignore symptoms that feel unusual. Early action, regular antenatal visits, and access to modern obstetric care can make pregnancy safer for every mother.”
