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Cairns’ advice to newcomers is to start broad. Learn networks, systems, identity, scripting basics and data. Learn how to read logs and how change control works. Later, specialize if a domain keeps pulling you in. Over‑specializing too early can turn a market shift into a career stall, while fundamentals travel with you. He is also a firm believer in learning by doing. That can be a Tier 1 rotation in the SOC, a help desk where identity issues are real or a co‑op that pairs you with a builder. Community events make it easier to find mentors and opportunities, and they help students see themselves in the field.
