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Cervical cancer is one of the most common cancers affecting women worldwide, yet many still lack adequate knowledge about what causes it and how it can be prevented. Speaking on Channel One TV’s breakfast show segment, “Doctor in the House,” Dr. Wisdom Effiong, a medical officer at The Bank Hospital, shed light on how cervical cancer is contracted and the crucial steps women can take to protect themselves. According to Dr. Effiong, cervical cancer is primarily caused by a sexually transmitted infection known as the Human Papilloma Virus (HPV). The virus is transmitted through sexual contact and can remain dormant in the body without showing any symptoms. “Cervical cancer is gotten through sexual transmission, and that’s where HPV comes in,” Dr. Effiong explained. “HPV is a virus that can cause cervical cancer when there is a persistent infection.” He emphasised that while many people may unknowingly carry the virus, problems arise when the infection persists over time. Persistent HPV infection, especially when combined with other health issues, can cause abnormal cell changes in the cervix that eventually develop into cancer. Who Is Most at Risk? Dr. Effiong highlighted that women with weakened immune systems are more vulnerable to developing cervical cancer. “Someone who is immunocompromised — for instance, a person living with HIV — has a weakened immune system,” he said. “The presence of HPV in such a person can persist and increase the likelihood of cervical cancer.” He added that maintaining a strong immune system plays a vital role in fighting off infections like HPV before they cause lasting damage. Knowledge and Awareness Still Low Despite awareness campaigns, Dr. Effiong noted that many women still lack basic knowledge about their reproductive health. “Truth be told, most women don’t even know where their cervix is located,” he said. “That’s why regular medical checkups and screenings are essential.” The cervix, he explained, is the lower part of the uterus — often described as the “neck of the womb” — which connects the uterus to the vagina. This is the part of the body where cervical cancer develops. Prevention and Early Detection Dr. Effiong advised that regular screening, such as the Pap smear test and HPV testing, can help detect early changes in cervical cells before they turn cancerous. Additionally, the HPV vaccine provides strong protection against the virus and is recommended for both girls and boys before they become sexually active. “Prevention through vaccination and early detection through regular screening are the best ways to fight cervical cancer,” he stressed. Cervical cancer is preventable, but only if women take proactive steps to understand their health, get vaccinated, and undergo regular medical checks. As Dr. Effiong concluded, awareness and education remain the most powerful tools in reducing cervical cancer cases and saving lives.
